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Hegel

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Governor General's of British India

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The British East India Company Rule

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International Relations

International Relation - National interest define in terms of power is the basis of international relations and global politics; Interest and power are signpost of international relations and global politics; Statism: states are main actor; Anarchic: no higher authority; No morality and ethics, states are not guided by national moral principles, and not bound to any universal moral principle while protecting their national interests; Politics is autonomous of universal moral principle, has it's own rule of morality; Each state can do anything to protect their national interests depending on their relative power and capabilities;

August Comte

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Steven Lukes

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Montesquieu

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Thomas Paine

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Johan Galtung

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Lucian Pye

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Martin Heidegger

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Leo Strauss

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David Easton

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Gerald Cohen

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David Gauthier

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Harold Lasswell

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Schumpeter

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Seymour Martin Lipset

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Jeremy Bentham

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Wittgenstein

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Karl Popper

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Edmund Burke

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Nationalism: Benedict Anderson, Ernest Gellner, and Anthony D. Smith

Benedict Anderson - Anglo-Irish political scientist and historian- but lived in USA ‘Print Capitalism’: role of print media in bring capitalism and nationalismPrint capitalism also meant a culture in which people were required to be socialized as part of a literate culture- mainstream language culture He also theorized nationalism in Multi-ethnic empires, and rise of nation-states after fall of Empires post WWI

Hobhouse

Hobhouse: British liberal political thinker and sociologist Proponents of social liberalism- social democracy ‘wealth had a social dimension and was a collective product’ Moern Liberal

David Hume

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Robert Dahl

Robert Dahl: American political thinker of liberal & pluralist thoughts Pluralist theory of democracy- political competition between interest groups"Polyarchy": political power distributed in many peopleOne of chief proponents of “Behaviouralism”One of the greatest theorists of DemocracyGave the most famous definition of ‘Power’

Libertarian: Friedrich Hayek, Robert Nozick

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Lenin

Lenin - Bolshevik revolution leader, founder of Communist Russia & USSR Revolution led by vanguard party (the Communist party) Democratic centralism, Imperialism as height of capitalism Worldwide network of revolutionary activities- Comintern Stalin coined the term ‘ Leninism’

Political Theory

Political theory is Not determining/determinism - one best way of socio-political arrangement - Political theory just explore, understand, and analysis different ways of socio-political arrangement.

Mao Zedong or Mao Tse-tung

Mao Zedong or Mao Tse-tung(1893 – 1976)

Existentialism and thinkers: Jean-Paul Sartre

Jean-Paul Sartre; Main thinker of Existentialism (explores the problem of human existence and centres on the lived experience of the thinking, feeling, acting individual.)Also known proponent of phenomenology and MarxismDeep impact on critical theory and post-colonial theoryAwarded the 1964 Nobel Prize in Literature but refused to accept that!

C.B. Machpherson

C.B. Machpherson "Possessive Individualism": individual as the sole proprietor of his or her skills and owes nothing to society for them;For him, Hobbes gave birth to the culture of possessive individualism and Locke furthered it;Capitalism- negative freedom; supported positive freedom;Extractive (power over other) vs Developmental Power (creative freedom, ability to fulfil self-appointed goals);

T.H. Green and Bernard Bosanquet

Bosanquet (1848 –1923); English philosopher and political thinkerStudent of T.H. Green, influenced by Hegel, Kant, Rousseau, Plato; considered to be one of the most Hegelian of the British IdealistsProponent of “Absolute Idealism”Synthesized German and English Liberalism “state is the ethical idea”

Elite Theoriests

Vilfredo Pareto, Gaetano Mosca

Spinoza

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Hugo Grotius

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Epicurus

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Modern Indian History: Battles and Wars

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Modern Indian History: European Companies

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Thomas Aquinas, Saint Augustine, and Marsilio of Padua

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Cicero

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Indian Polity

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Objectives of the Resolution

Jawaharlal Nehru introduced these resolutions on December 13, 1946, and the assembly adopted these resolutions on January 22, 1947. Guiding principles for building the Constitution and eventually took the shape of the Preamble to the Indian Constitution.

Constitutional Assembly

Constitutional Assembly: Constituted under the Cabinet Mission Plan in 1946. Its members were elected by indirect election by the members of the Provincial Legislative Assemblies under the Government of India Act, 1935

Amendments List

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Constitution of India: Parts and Schedules

Constitution of India: Parts: 25 Parts, 448 articles, 12 schedules, 5 appendices, and 105+ Amendments

John Locke

John Locke, 1632-1704, Born in Somerset in England; Parents, protestant, trader/landowner sympathetic to Parliamentarians and Whigs party...

Teaching Aptitude: Models of Teaching

Models of Teaching

Thomas Hobbes

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Teaching Aptitude: Introduction

Teaching Aptitude: It can be defined as the development of required ability and skill sets which are essential to be a good teacher...

Machiavelli

Machiavelli: Born in Florence (City state), 1469-1527. In a time of disunity, constant warfare, church and state, insecurity in Italian City states...

Concepts of Western Political Theory

Concepts of Western Political Theory, Justice as Mutual Advantage, Negative and Positive peace...

Frankfurt school/Critical Theory

Frankfurt School

Karl Popper

Karl Popper, The Open Society and Its Enemies(1945), Falsification of scientific theory; Piecemeal social engineering;

Aristotle

Aristotle; 384-322 BC; Born in Stagira (near Macedonia), in a middle class family (father was doctor). During the time of fall of democracy in Athens and rise of Macedonia which conquered Athens...

Karl Marx

Karl Marx; His theory of state and revolution is taken from the "Franch Revolution"

Plato

428-348 BC - Athens in a Aristocratic family. In the time of the "Peloponnesian War" between Athens and Sparta. Athens had "direct democracy", individualism, open and somewhat chaotic society...

Confucius

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Post-modernism

A worldview that challenge established norms, values, and beliefs of modernism or age of enlightenment...

Public Policy Adoption

The focus of this presentation is on the first of the three circles in our problem-solving framework: problem identification...

Public policy

Public policy is a set of government actions, decisions, and programs designed to address societal issues and achieve specific goals...

What Cause Democratization

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Make in India

In post-liberal era, we lacked infrastructure. liberal era, investor (FDI and domestic), they see India lack infra requires for setup manufacturing unit. They did not see scope in manufacturing...

Freedom and its Debates in Political Theory

freedom:an ethical ideal or normative principle, perhaps as the most vital such principle. However, they separate the definition of what freedom is from questions about its value, employ an essentially social-scientific definition of the term...

Multialignment

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Multiculturalism

Multiculturalism, an idea focused on the way in which societies and nation-state should respond to cultural and religious differences...

Environmentalism

Environmentalism is a broad social and political movement that seeks to protect and preserve the natural environment...

Feminism

A movement base on the idea of women empowerment, upliftment, and equal status in society...

What Is Comparative Politics? by Jeffrey Kopstein and Mark Lichbach

Comparative Politics: A Half-Century Appraisal

A discipline grows and is shaped by within its specific social and historical settings. Comparative politics, in its preceding development - saw periods of progress and challenges, by its very nature, it embedded in time and space...

Socialism

Means of production are owned and operated by Society/state. Profit is used for social welfare and distribution on the principle of equity...

Conservatism

A pragmatic political philosophy respecting established ideas, institutions, social orders, and traditions resisting radical changes in them...

Liberalism

Liberalism, an idea base on individual freedom and autonomy...

Citizenship from Athens to Globalization

Citizenship implies full and equal membership of a political community with certain rights and duties. It is a relationship between individual/collective and the state.

Power

Power is influence, it influences actions of political actors and people. Harold Lasswell: Politics as "study of influence and influential" David Easton: Politics as authoritative allocation of values

Democracy

Democracy is not merely a form of government. It is primarily a mode of associative living, of conjoint communicated experience. It is essentially an attitude of respect and reverence towards fellow men...

Rights

Rights: A claim allowed by matching obligation by others

Justice

Each getting his/her fair share according to his/her capability, choices and preferences. It is what we should do as right and not do as wrong.

Equality

It is based on the equal moral worth and equality on the basis of humanity. Out of all 4 concepts liberty, rights, justice, equality. Equality is least intuitive and natural, inequality in nature, society, family.

Liberty from ancient to modern

Banjamin Constant liberal republican Swiss-French political thinker, 1776-1830. Largely forgotten, his thoughts were revived during 20th century as important against the totalitarian regimes. Supported individual liberty and allowed individual to turn away interference from the state or society.Two categories of liberty by him:

Definition of Capitalism: A Self-Sustaining System

Socio-economic system means that actors in this system act for money and the pleasure given by the system. In this system, actors work to get money as much as possible, to access the benefits given by the system. Every actor, from workers to capitalists works to access these benefits.

Micro, small, medium, enterprise

Micro, small, medium, enterprise, Enterprise: manufacturing unit produce goods. service sector, where items not manufacture, only service provides. some entity provide service and manufacture goods. any of these can be called enterprise.

India's Development Strategy and Growth Performance

Following India’s independence in 1947, the initial years were marked by disruption caused by partition, the drafting a new constitution and the establishing a new government, which were the major concerns of the Indian’s leaders...

Growth and development

Growth: anything measurable, which increase in size and number. always quantitative Development: improvement in circumstances and qualitative. transformation from low level of economic activity to higher level of economic activity.

1947: Indian economic state

1947: Indian economy parameters brits take raw materials from India to UK. for this they did not develop Indian economy. for that agriculture sector is in a backward position and industrial sector didn't develop. 50-51: per Capati was 240 rupees. now it more than 100K.

Public Administration

In practice, public administration is the means through which the government achieves its goals, aspirations, and objectives...

Faces of Power debate

faces of power debate is one of the most influential debates around definition of power and its measurement...

Ronald Dworkin

Ronald Dworkin distributive justice that is often associated with the principle of resource equalization. Dworkin's approach to distributive justice focuses on ensuring that individuals have equal access to the resources and opportunities necessary for a meaningful life, while also recognizing the importance of individual responsibility and effort.

Debates Concerning Limited Nuclear Warfare

Limited nuclear war is a strategic concept in which a nation uses its low-yield nuclear weapons against a advisories conventional force to deter them from further aggression and demonstrated that you mean serious business and go crazy to launch all your nuclear weapons if necessary.

World System Theory By Immanuel Wallerstein

Immanuel Wallerstein’s World System Theory explain capitalist world economy system, its evolution and impact on different groups of states. Wallerstein defined world system as a socio-economic unit with a single division of labour and members of this unit are mutually interdependent. Wallerstein elaborates world system differences with mini system. Mini systems are based on single division...

WHY IS THERE NO INTERNATIONAL THEORY? BY MARTIN WIGHT

WHY IS THERE NO INTERNATIONAL THEORY? BY MARTIN WIGHT by abinash phulkonwar According to Martin wight “Political theory” is the speculation about the state, from Plato to onward. On the other hand “International theory” in the first sight looks like a methodology or the conceptual system for studying international relations. However, according to Wigth, neither of these explanations is correct...

Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Bal Gangadhar Tilak By Abinash Phulkonwar Introduction Bal Gangadhar Tilak, a prominent figure in Indian freedom movement, was not only a nationalist but also a teacher, reformer, and political leader. One of the first person who stood for Swaraj and Self-Rule. His influence over the Indian mass were profound and earning him the title “Lokamanya”.

Samuel Huntington's "Clash of Civilizations"

Samuel Huntington's "Clash of Civilizations" is theory that presented in 1993 in a Essay and letter expanded into a book titled "The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order." This theory suggested that post-cold war conflicts will not be happened primarily base on Ideology and Economics, rather will be based on Culture and Civilization. abinash phulkonwar

The Level-of-Analysis Problem in International Relations

The Level-of-Analysis Problem in International Relations, J. David Singer, World Politics, 14(1), 1961. It emphasizes the essential characteristics that an effective model should possess when analyzing complex phenomena in political science...

Martin Wight's

Martin Wight's essay "Why Is There No International Theory?" is a significant work in the field of International Relations (IR) that raises thought-provoking questions about the nature of international relations theory and its development. Published in the journal International Relations in 1960

Books Of Political Sciences

Books Of Political Sciences: MacIver wrote ‘ The Modern State’, Modern Constitution was written by K C Wheare, Modern democracies was written by James Bryce

CPET- Odisha

CPET- Odisha 1. who said : "the study of politics concerns itself with the life of men in relation to organised states" (i) Laski.

Concepts by of political science

Concepts by Theodore Adorno: ‘Culture industry’ Pierre Bourdieu: 'Culture Capital' David Held: ‘Cosmopolitan democracy’

Books Related to Indian polity

Books Related to Indian polity Atul Kohli: Democracy and DiscontentMyron Weiner: The politics of scarcitySunil Khilnani: Idea of IndiaPranab Bardhan: Political Economy of Development in India