Post-Modernism

A worldview that challenge established norms, values, and beliefs of modernism or age of enlightenment. 

Belief that truth doesn't exist in any objective sense but is create rather than discovered.

An anti-thesis of modern ideas and beliefs.

1. No objective truth: it is subjective, created, and contextual
2. Reject the possibility of universal, normative and ethical judgments
3. Question binary and hierarchy of idea, belief, value system
4. written texts do not convey objective meaning or notion of truth: Texts as "sites of conflict" within a given culture or worldview
5. Tolerance-diversity-choice -> trinity of it

Factors spurred post-modernism

1. Two world wars
2. New scientific theories challenging classical Newtonian mechanics
3. Globalized in information society led by ICT revolution
4. Anti-colonial, feminist, and indigenous people's movements

Criticism

1. Sophism or obscurantism: difficult to understand; lack explanatory capabilities; beyond testability and falsifiable;
2. Meaningless or disingenuous;
3. Noam Chomsky: adds nothing to analytical or empirical knowledge;
4. Reflects the disappointed revolutionary generation

Thinkers:

["Just Make Friends Just For Real Joy, Really Smart Guys."]

1. Jacques Derrida: Deconstruction;
2. Michel Foucault: On power; Governmentality;
3. Friedrich Nietzsche: "Perspective: conceptions of truth depend on the perspective of the one who is observing" [father of it, German]; gave the concept of "Nihilism"
4. Jean Baudrillard: Consumerism; Gender relations;
5. Jean-Francois Lyotard: mistrust of the grand narratives;
   
6. Richard Asley
7. Jenny Adkins
8. Richard Rorty 
9. Slavoj Žižek 
10. Gilles Deleuze

Friedrich Nietzsche

(1844 –1900)

1. A German political philosopher, cultural critic, composer, and poet One of the greatest political thinker of 19th century 
2. Post-modernist: critique of objective truth in favour of perspectivism 
3. Critique of religion and Christian morality 
4. "Death of God"- Enlightenment, by excessively focusing on science & reason, has killed God 
5. Nihilism : negating knowledge, existence, and the meaning of life; normlessness, valuelessness; negating all established social norms 
6. Will To Power: main driving force within human 
7. Doctrine of eternal return: universe, energy, and everything will recur in infinite cycle 
8. Deep influence on political thoughts of existentialism, postmodernism and post-structuralism