2025-01-25
• India in the 19th Century witnessed a series of reform movements undertaken in various parts of the country which were oriented toward a re-structuring of the Indian society along modem lines.
• Impact of modern Western culture soon gave birth to a new awakening in India.
•Western conquest exposed the weakness and decay of Indian society.
•Reform movements which took deep roots within Bengal have often been also termed as Bengal Renaissance.
•Raja Ram Mohan Roy from Bengal was known as Father of Modern Indian renaissance.
Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Calcutta Unitarian Committee was jointly founded by William Adam and Rammohun Roy to bring together prominent Brahmins who were friends of Roy and supporters of his agenda for the promotion of religious monotheism and social reform among Hindus.
Atmiya Sabha was founded by Rajaram Mohan Roy in 1815. It was the Precursor organization before reform movement started in India. It was the first reform movement in India.
Brahmo Samaj was founded by Rajaram Mohan
Roy in Kolkata in 1828.
Devendranath Tagore
He was the head of "Adi Brahmo Samaj" after the first split of Brahmo Samajin 1866.
"Tatwabodini Sabhawas" founded by him in 1839 to promote Indian Philosophy. Tatwabodini Patrika was the official journal of the Sabha. It merged with Brahmo Samajin 1843.
Keshab Chandra Sen
He was the head of "Bharatvarshiya Brahmo Samaj" after the first split of Brahmo Samajin 1866.
He founded "Indian Reforms Association" in 1870.
He was responsible for "Indian native marriage Act" against child marriages.
He laid the foundation stone of the mandir called the "Tabernacle".
Ishwar Chandra Vidya Sagar
Henry Vivian Derozio
Swami Vivekananda
His actual name is Narendra Dutta.
His spiritual Guru was Ram Krishna Param Hangsha.
He established Ramakrishna Mission in 1897 and set up a Math at Belur.
Title Vivekananda was given by Maharaja of Khetri.
He was popular as spiritual ambassador of India.
He participated in the world parliament on Religion in Chicago in 1893.
Prarthana Samaj
Atmaram Pandurang established the Prarthana Samaj in Bombay in 1867.
MG Ranede is known as the architect of the movement.
Arya Samaj
Swami Dayananda Saraswati was the founder of Arya Samaj(1875).
His actual name was Mul Shankar.
Theosophical Society
It was Established in New York by Madam HP Blavadsky and Col. Olcott.
Madam Annie Besant was the promoter of this in India.
Servants of India Society
It was founded by Gopal Krishna Gokhale.
Other leaders of the movement are Natesh Appaji Dravid, Gopal Krishna Deodhar and Anant Patwardhan.
The Wahabi Movement
• The Wahabi movement was introduced in India by Syed Ahmed of Rae Bareilly in Uttar Pradesh.
• The Wahabi movement took the nature of the political revolt.
Aligarh Movement
• Sayyid Ahmad Khan started this movement.
• He formed the British Indian Association in 1866.
Self-Respect Movement
• Periyar EV Ramaswamy started this movement in Tamil Nadu.
• He attacked the laws of Manu and as a part of protest, the organization practiced burning Manu smriti.
Satya Shodak Sabah
• It was founded by Jyotiba Phule.
• He wrote the books “Gulamgiri” and Sarvajanik sathyadharmadha Pustak.
All India Scheduled Castes Federation
• In 1936, Ambedkar founded the Independent Labour Party which later transformed into the All India Scheduled Castes Federation.
All India Anti-Untouchability League
• Gandhi founded All India Anti Untouchability League, to remove untouchability in the society.
• Later it renamed as Harijan Sevak Sangh.