abinash phulkonwar

2024-07-25

Liberalism

Difference IndividualismCollectivism
Primacy toIndividual autonomy and agencySociety, state and structures and institutions
Political IdeologyLiberalism, ConservatismCommunitarianism, collectivism, Marxism, Communism, Socialism
Economic IdeologyCapitalism - free marketSocialism-social control of production
RightsPrimacy to right to equality, freedom, life, propertyPrimacy to socio-economic justice
Property rightsInviolableDistriubutive justice
Liberty and FreedomNegative or freedom from (state or any institution)Positive or freedom to (enable individual to do something)
Political ThinkerJohn Locke, Adam Smith, Thomas Paine, J.S. Mills, John Rawls, Neo-Liberalists - Friedrich Hayak, Miltion Friedman, Robert NozickPlato, Marx, Friedrich Engels, Chartists - John Goodwyn, Robert Owen, Gandhiji, Lohiyaji

Core Values

  • Individual Autonomy
  • Moral Primacy of individual against claims of any social collectivity
  • Rights of liberty, life, property are natural, inviolable, and antecedent
  • Egalitarian: equal worth and equal rights of human
  • Universalism: Moral unity of human being
  • Meliorist: Social institution and political arrangements can be improved

Classical and Modern Liberalism

DifferenceClassical LiberalismModern Liberalism
Role of stateMinimal- state necessary evilWelfare state
DiversityUniversal unity of humanAccepts multi-culturalism, group rights, identity
Property rightsInviolableAccepts distributive justice
Liberty and FreedomNegative- freedom from (state or any institution)Positive- freedom to (enable individual to do something)
Political ThinkerJohn Locke- Natural rights, Adman Smith, Thomas Paine; Neo-liberalist:  Friedrich Hayak, Miltion Friedman, Robert NozickJ.S. Mills- on liberty, John Rawls- theory of justice, T.H. Green: Welfare state, Hobhouse, J. Laski, R.H. Tawnay